Sample details
| Retail price | |
| Acquired from | |
| Condition | |
| Break-in | |
| Intake checks | |
| Test date | |
| Notes |
Overall summary
Manufacturer's suggested use case
Our suggested use case
Testing and linearity limits vs. what is advertised
What it took to reach our high-level sweep limit, and how that compares to the published specs.
High-level sweep rule:
High-level sweep limit for this sample: volts
Approximate electrical power at that limit at 20Hz: volts
Rated power (published):
Power used to hit the standardized limits in free air, relative to their xmax rating free air:
Claimed Xmax vs. measured at BL 70%:
Xmax @ 50% CMS:
Xmax @ 17% Le:
Manufacturer suggested sealed enclosure size (and its resulting QTC):
Required sealed enclosure for 0.707 QTC:
Xmax @ 50% CMS:
Summary
Overall performance snapshot
This is our subjective interpretation of the objective data. How we derive these scores can be found on the home page of the testing section.
High level broadband distortion
/ 250
Distortion shape stability
/ 90
High level excursion weighted distortion
/ 300
1v baseline broadband distortion
/ 40
BL window width & flatness
/ 130
BL symmetry
/ 70
CMS window width & flatness
/ 90
CMS symmetry
/ 50
Le(x) level & flatness
/ 90
Le(i) stability
/ 40
Qts(x) stability
/ 100
Total performance snapshot rating
/ 1250
Marketing materials accuracy to our measurements
/ 100
Marketing materials summary
Distortion & frequency response - TRF measurements
Method recap:
At 1 volt - baseline
At high level voltage ( volts)
Delta - 1 volt distortion vs. high level distortion
What this means in practice
Motor & suspension linearity - LSI measurements
Method recap: Klippel LSI large-signal identification for this unit, cold and used for enclosure computations. Standard thresholds in this project are BL 70 percent, CMS 50 percent, and a 17 percent inductance variance criterion. Commentary below ties the large-signal behavior to the acoustic results.
Bl(x)
Bl(x) shows how much motor force a speaker produces as the voice coil moves, B is magnetic field strength and L is the wire length in that field. A high, wide, symmetrical BL curve means linear control and low distortion, a steep or uneven drop means earlier output limits and rising distortion, which is why BL(x) is often the most telling single Klippel LSI indicator of real performance.
Bl(x) window and shape
Bl(x) symmetry
Cms(x)
Cms(x) is suspension compliance versus displacement, the inverse of stiffness. When the curve is broad and symmetrical, motion is linear and distortion stays low. Early roll off or offset indicates progressive stiffening or mis-centering, which adds mechanical distortion and caps clean excursion.
Cms(x) window and shape
Cms(x) symmetry
Inductance - Le(x) and Le(i)
Le(x) and Le(i) measure how a subwoofer’s voice coil inductance changes with position and current. These curves show how stable the motor’s magnetic field is under real movement and drive conditions. When inductance varies heavily, it causes distortion, uneven response, and a loss of upper-band clarity, which is why Le(x) and Le(i) are critical for evaluating how clean and consistent a motor’s behavior really is.
Level and shape
Current dependence
Qts(x)
Qts(x) is the driver’s total damping versus excursion, combining electrical and mechanical losses. Stable, symmetrical Qts(x) means consistent control, while large variation or asymmetry signals uneven damping that can shift response, raise distortion, and cause compression.
Qts stability
LSI takeaway
Enclosure alignment calculations
Manufacturer sealed enclosured recommendations and the resulting QTC:
Sealed volume required for 0.707 QTC on this sample:
Applicable for infinite baffle?
T/S parameters
| Re | |
| Le | |
| FS | |
| QTS | |
| QES | |
| QMS | |
| BL | |
| MMS | |
| CMS | |
| SD | |
| VAS | |
| Sensitivity 1 watt/1 meter SPL | |
| Xmax (one way) | |
| Xmech (one way) |
| Re | |
| Le | |
| FS | |
| QTS | |
| QES | |
| QMS | |
| BL | |
| MMS | |
| CMS | |
| SD | |
| VAS | |
| Xmax @ BL 70% | |
| Xmax @ CMS 50% | |
| Xmax @ Le 17% |
| Re | |
| Le | |
| FS | |
| QTS | |
| QES | |
| QMS | |
| BL | |
| MMS | |
| CMS | |
| SD | |
| VAS | |
| Xmax @ BL 70% | |
| Xmax @ CMS 50% | |
| Xmax @ Le 17% |